Laboratory tests can be valuable aids in making a diagnosis, but, as screening tools for detecting hidden disease in asymptomatic individuals, their usefulness is limited. The value of a test as a diagnostic aid depends on its sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity is the…
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Primary (essential) hypertension is high blood pressure that is multi-factorial and doesn't have one distinct cause. It's also known as idiopathic or essential hypertension. Above-normal blood pressure is typically anything over 120/80 mmHg. This means that the pressure inside your arteries is higher than it should be…
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The apothecary system, originated as the system of weights and measures for dispensing and prescribing medications. The English version divided a pound into 12 ounces, an ounce into eight drams/drachms, and a dram into three scruples or 60 grains…
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A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If it's 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes…
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Disabilities may be orthopedic (relating to the bone and muscles) or they may be neuromuscular (relating to the nerves and muscles). For example, some of the more common kinds of mobility impairments are amputations, paralysis, spinal cord injuries, Cerebral Palsy, Multiple Sclerosis, Muscular Dystrophy, and more…
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FIRST AID: DIAGNOSTIC. It contains: diagnostic, history, signs, symptoms, physical examination, head, neck and spine, chest, abdomen, pelvis, limbs…
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